Chemotherapy for breast cancer

A breast cancer diagnosis changes everything and the very idea of chemotherapy and its side effects can cause anxiety. However, modern treatment methods have developed significantly - side effects are now much easier to control and customised treatment concepts ensure the best possible results with the best possible quality of life.

At our Breast Centre am Englischen Garten, the focus is on your individual situation. Every treatment is tailored precisely to you, your tumour biology and your life situation. We won't leave you alone with your worries - our experienced team will guide you through every step with professional expertise and human care.

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What is chemotherapy for breast cancer?

Chemotherapy is a central pillar in the treatment of breast cancer (breast carcinoma). In this form of therapy, special drugs are used to combat cancer cells throughout the entire body. Unlike surgery or radiotherapy, which target a specific area, chemotherapy can reach cancer cells throughout the body - including those that may have already spread but are still too small to be detected.

The active substances used in chemotherapy interfere with the cell division process. As cancer cells generally divide faster than most healthy cells, they are particularly susceptible to this treatment. The aim is to shrink tumours, stop the spread of cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.

For many women with breast cancer, the idea of chemotherapy is frightening. However, thanks to modern medication and supportive measures, many side effects are now more manageable than in the past. We customise each therapy to achieve the best possible results with the least possible stress.

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Important information about chemotherapy:

When is chemotherapy used for breast cancer?

Not every woman with breast cancer needs chemotherapy. The decision in favour of or against this form of treatment depends on various factors:

Stage of breast cancer

Chemotherapy is often recommended for early stages of breast cancer (stages I and II) after careful consideration of the advantages and disadvantages. In more advanced stages (stage III and IV), it is more often necessary.

Age and general state of health

The patient's age and general health also play a role in the decision. Younger women with breast cancer are more likely to receive chemotherapy, as their tumours are often more aggressive and they generally tolerate the therapy better.

Assessment on the basis of genetic tests

Modern genetic tests can help to better assess the risk of relapse and the potential benefits of chemotherapy. These tests analyse the activity of certain genes in the tumour tissue and thus indicate whether a patient would benefit from chemotherapy. At the Breast Centre am Englischen Garten, we use these modern diagnostic procedures to enable precise treatment decisions to be made.

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How does chemotherapy for breast cancer work?

Chemotherapy for breast cancer is not carried out as a single treatment, but in several cycles. A cycle consists of a treatment phase and a recovery phase for the body.

Preparation for chemotherapy

Before starting chemotherapy, various examinations of the organism are carried out:

• Blood tests to check the function of the organs (liver, kidneys) and the blood count
• Heart examination (ECG, echocardiography), as some cancer drugs can put a strain on the heart
• Detailed discussion about the procedure, possible side effects and supportive measures, possible late effects and tips

Administration of chemotherapy

Most chemotherapy is carried out on an outpatient basis. The preparations are administered in various ways:

Intravenous administration: The most common form is infusion via the vein. For longer treatment, a permanent access (port) can be implanted under the skin to avoid repeated punctures.

Oral administration: Some chemotherapeutic agents can be taken as tablets or capsules, which has the advantage that the therapy can be carried out at home.

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Different types of chemotherapy for breast cancer

Depending on the stage of the disease and the individual situation, there are different approaches as to when and how chemotherapy is carried out:

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Adjuvant (supportive) chemotherapy is carried out after the operation. The aim is to destroy any cancer cells that may remain in the body and thus reduce the risk of recurrence. This form of chemotherapy for breast cancer is often used if the tumour has already been removed but there is an increased risk of recurrence due to its characteristics.

Treatment usually begins four to six weeks after the operation, as soon as the surgical wound has healed well. The duration is typically three to six months, depending on the chosen treatment programme and the patient.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

In neoadjuvant chemotherapy, treatment is given before surgery. This has several advantages:

• The tumour can be reduced in size, which may make breast-conserving surgery possible.
• The effectiveness of chemotherapy can be observed directly.
• Harmful cancer cells are combated at an early stage before they can spread further.

This form is often recommended for locally advanced breast cancer or larger tumours.

Palliative chemotherapy

In metastasised breast cancer (stage IV), where the cancer has already spread to other organs such as the bones, lungs, liver or brain, chemotherapy is used to treat the tumour:

• Slowing down tumour growth
• Alleviate symptoms
• Improving the quality of life
• Extending the lifespan

At this stage, a complete cure is often no longer possible, but chemotherapy can help to control the disease over a longer period of time. The therapy is often carried out in cycles with treatment breaks, as long as the benefits outweigh the side effects.

Supportive measures during chemotherapy

Chemotherapy for breast cancer can be a stressful time. At the Breast Centre am Englischen Garten, we offer many options to ease this phase and alleviate side effects:

Nutrition

A balanced diet is particularly important during chemotherapy:

• Sufficient proteins for the regeneration of the body
• Plenty of fruit and vegetables for important vitamins and minerals
• In case of loss of appetite: small, high-energy meals
• For nausea: dry foods such as rusks or crispbread
• Sufficient fluids (at least 2 litres per day)

Nutritional counselling can help you to adapt your diet to your individual needs.

Movement

Contrary to previous assumptions, moderate physical activity during chemotherapy is not only possible, but even recommended:

• Reduces fatigue
• Strengthens the immune system
• Improves the mood
• Can alleviate side effects

Suitable are:

• Regular walks
• Light endurance training (e.g. on the exercise bike)
• Yoga or Pilates
• Special sports groups for cancer patients

The intensity should be adapted to your own condition.

Psycho-oncological support

Breast cancer and chemotherapy not only put a strain on the body, but also on the psyche. Psycho-oncological support can help:

• Individual discussions with psycho-oncologists
• Group offers to exchange ideas with other affected people
• Relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation or autogenic training
• Art therapy, music therapy or other creative approaches

Complementary methods

In addition to conventional medical treatment, complementary methods can alleviate side effects and improve well-being:

• Acupuncture for nausea and pain
• Aromatherapy for relaxation
• Herbal preparations (after consultation with the treating doctor)
• Massages to relax and promote blood circulation

Important: These methods do not replace conventional therapy, but complement it. The treatment team should always be consulted before use.

After chemotherapy: what happens next?

Completing chemotherapy is an important milestone and you will return to your everyday life step by step. We will continue to support you - both with immediate rehabilitation and long-term aftercare.

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